Blog Article

To Borrow or Not To Borrow?

Sometimes the desire to borrow arises from the social environment you are in, but does not reflect your real needs. Getting into debt should be reserved for ‘big’ life events, such as buying a car or a home or expanding your business. But many of us get ourselves into debt with things we do not really need, because we want something now and are not able to delay gratification long enough to be able to afford what we desire. Granted, there are occasions where borrowing is the only choice, and for that reason, responsible borrowing is a very important skill to learn. What is responsible borrowing? Responsible borrowing can be defined as having done a proper needs analysis: the affordability and cost of the loan. Borrow responsibly, because by doing so… USEFUL TIP: REMEMBER! Whatever the purpose of the loan is, the borrower should ensure that she/he understands the terms and conditions of the loan agreement. There are a lot of different ways to borrow money. Before borrowing it is important to find out about the different options available so that you can make an informed decision on the best option for you. Types of Borrowing Name Explanation Where to get it Retail credit Credit given to a customer by a retailer to buy items such as furniture, clothes and food. There are more costs involved than just interest. Ensure that the fine print (terms & conditions) is read and understood. Furniture, clothing, electronic and other consumer stores (retail shops) & Commercial banks Instalment/ Personal loan A loan that has to be repaid with interest in equal periodic payments. Commercial banks & micro-lenders Overdraft An overdraft allows a customer to continue withdrawing from his/her account even though the balance is zero. Basically, the bank allows the customer to borrow a amount of money at a specific interest rate and/or cost for a pre-determined period. Commercial banks Family / Friends You can borrow money from family or friends at no or low cost. It is however im- portant to remember to repay the borrowed money as agreed. Family / Friends Payday loan A payday loan is a loan given by a micro- lender. It is called a payday loan, because you generally borrow just enough to get through to your next payday, upon which the repayment is due. Micro-lenders Pawn loan By entering a pawn loan you pledge an item or asset for a specific amount of money. The pawn loan money has to be repaid by the end of the period with additional interest. If you fail to repay, the ownership of the item changes. Pawn shops Please note that whatever type of borrowing you decide to go for, no borrowing is for free! Consider the following basics before borrowing: Necessity – do I really need to borrow? Affordability – can I afford the repayments without compromising my other financial commitments? Financial institution – am I borrowing from the right financial institution relative to my needs? Does the product suit my needs best? Repayment term – how long would it take me to repay the loan and can I afford to pay over the recommended period of time? Interest rate – how much is the interest rate? Hidden fees / other costs – does the lending institution charge any other fees like administration fees, stamp duties, collections fees, or penalty interest? Credit worthiness / credit record – Is my standing good enough to qualify for the loan? Do I understand the terms and conditions as well as the fine print of the loan product? Let us see how borrowing in real life works! Amount borrowed Annual interest Repayment term Monthly repayment Total amount to be paid back N$ 15,000 15% 6 months N$ 2,610.51 N$ 15,663.04 N$ 15,000 15% 12 months N$ 1,353.87 N$ 16,246.50 N$ 15,000 10% 6 months N$ 2,573.42 N$ 15,440.53 N$ 15,000 10% 12 months N$ 1,318.74 N$ 15,824.86 Please note that the longer your repayment term, the more expensive your loan. USEFUL TIPS: Go for the lowest interest rate. The higher the interest rate, the more expansive the loan. Pay back your debts as fast as you can. The longer the repayment-term of the loan is, the more money you will have to pay in total. Remember, if you cannot pay back the money on time it will have a negative effect on your credit record which makes it difficult for you to easily borrow money in the future. IMPORTANT STEPS TO TAKE WHEN BORROWING Step 1 Only consider financial institutions that are registered with NAMFISA and Bank of Namibia so that you have the legal right to complain. Step 2 Do not take the first loan offer but shop around. Step 3 Find out about the products and services that suit your needs best. Step 4 Limit yourself to the amount/ goods that you really need. Step 5 Keep the loan term as short as possible to reduce the total cost of borrowing, but always consider your disposable income. Step 6 Ensure that you have the required documents for the type of borrowing you have chosen. Step 7 Make sure that you understand the terms and conditions of the contract. If not make use of your right to have the fine print explained to you. Do not let anybody force you to sign anything you do not understand. HOW TO GET OUT OF DEBT Options / means on how to get out of debt Erase your debt by following these steps Possible consequences of not repaying your debt: • Anxiety • Bad credit record • Assets or collateral might be seized and sold off to cover your debt • You could be taken to court • Physical and psychological threats Remember, over-indebtedness can be avoided through responsible financial management. ONLY borrow when really necessary and when your financial planning allows you to take a loan.

The role Financial Literacy plays in combating financial exclusion in Namibia: A Case of Financial Inclusion

The Financial Literacy Initiative (FLI) is a national platform established to enhance financial education by promoting financial wellness through training, activations and customized public talks. The FLI serves as the nexus between the public and the private financial institutions that make up the Namibian financial sector by engaging them on financial inclusion issues and developing educational tools for public education. The World Bank defines financial inclusion as efforts made to ensure that individuals and businesses have access to affordable financial products and services in a transparent manner regardless of their income or status in society. Financial inclusion is primarily defined as merely providing financial access to the ‘banked/unbanked’. However, ‘access’ is only one dimension of the three that make financial inclusion effective, and these are Access, Usage, and Quality. The SADC Financial Inclusion Strategy defines these three as follows: Access: ‘’availability of affordable and appropriate financial products and services’’. Usage: ‘’uptake or utilization of financial products and services’’. Quality: ‘’product design and functionality that enhance the value of services to clients”’ The aim of financial inclusion is to provide financial solutions to all citizens including the vulnerable, marginalized, and underprivileged groups, especially the youth and women in rural areas. The NSA 2017 Namibia Financial Inclusion Survey shows that Namibia’s financial exclusion level decreased from 31% recorded in 2011 to 22%, the majority of those excluded were found to be residing in rural areas. Having a bank account (banked) as a measure of financial inclusion may be misleading as many people have bank accounts but do not have access to financial products to meet all their financial needs i.e. they lack access to loans or credit facilities. In some instances, people have bank accounts that are dormant/inactive or underutilized because their benefits are not competitive and usage thereof does not add value to consumers, products/services are not user-friendly, or do not meet the client’s budget expectations. The FLI provides financial education to improve the financial capability of citizens. A well-informed and educated population will have the confidence to participate in financial markets, be in a better position to invest, and take up ownership. Additionally, consumers can make better financial decisions, thus reducing debt whilst buying products and services that better suit their needs and finances. For instance, well-informed consumers will be able to compare different insurance products and may then settle for one that offers more benefits against costs. More so, they would understand the importance of borrowing to invest in education and business ventures other than allocating such towards consumption smoothing. Financial inclusion contributes to financial market efficiency and effectiveness, leading to market deepening and strengthening, which will ultimately contribute to overall economic growth thus, reducing inequality and uplifting the poor and disadvantaged communities through inclusive growth. Financial inclusion is an enabler for a conducive environment for the empowerment of individuals and businesses. Financial inclusion is aimed at providing access to facilities for people to make/receive payments in a secure, simple, and affordable manner; easy, quick, and secure remittance, or money transfer for all;  access to basic no-frills banking accounts, which offers very basic accounts that have very low bank charges and also requiring very low minimum opening balance; availability of simple credit products and overdrafts linked to no-frills accounts, savings products (investments and retirement funds); and registration and licensing of institutions that provide micro insurance and micro pension products for low-income groups and informal sector employees to mitigate risks and external shocks, provide security and some form of safety net protection. Overall, financial inclusion aims to bring all role players, both public and private, together to promote an inclusive financial system. Thus, effective public and private partnership is tantamount to addressing the issues of financial inclusion. Although the financial exclusion rate declined by 9% between 2011 and 2017, access to financial information and digital financial services remains a challenge, which is worsened by low levels of financial literacy. The FLI’s continuous efforts to take financial education to the rural population are often undermined by language barriers and communication breakdown, hence the recent initiatives to translate educational booklets into local languages. Rigid requirements and high minimum balances by commercial banks discourage low-income and/or informally employed from opening banking accounts. Payment of social grants (old age pension, orphanage grants, etc.) in cash reduces the need for people to acquire bank accounts thus, maintaining the “unbanked” status quo. If allowed for a long time, this practice has the potential to undermine the country’s quest to participate actively in the provisions of the 4th industrial Revolution, in which technological money transfers by members of society should increase. Despite fintech advancement and banks moving more into online banking services and mobile phone applications (banking apps), the rural poor remain excluded due to poor infrastructure (internet services), which limits access in areas where they reside. Unwillingness to embrace technological advances due to fear of losing money resulting from poor financial education and lack of consumer protection laws are inhibitors to full participation in the use of technology for financial services provision. For a country to effectively address the issue of financial exclusion both the private and public sectors must commit to working together to collectively promote inclusion for all. The government will ensure a healthy, well-monitored regulatory environment, and improve citizen documentation procedures to enable Know-Your-Customer (KYC) compliance. Furthermore, the Government is committed towards encouraging payments of social grants into basic bank accounts to ensure that formal banking services are rolled out to the formerly unbanked. The private sector will complement government efforts by investing in a wide range of specialized innovative products and services such as digital identification (KYC) that would promote market competition. Financial institutions should also allow indiscriminatory access to information for all. The Namibia Financial Sector Strategy (2011-2021) outlined four outcomes to be achieved to ensure financial inclusion in the country by: firstly; for Namibia to have and implement a consumer protection legal framework in the financial sector, which will inculcate transparency and disclosure as well as consumer complaints and

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To Borrow or Not To Borrow?

4th September 2023

An improved quality of life and a narrowed economic divide achieved through financially capable, assertive and well-protected Namibians

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